The Book of Prayer

And in the narration of Ahmad:

'The Prophet (ﷺ) taught him at-Tashahhud and ordered him to teach it to the people.'

In Muslim's narration from Ibn 'Abbas (RA):

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) used to teach us at-Tashahhud: "All services expressed by words, increase in good, acts of worship and all good things are due to Allah ... " till the end.

Narrated Fadalah bin 'Ubaid (RA):

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) heard a man supplicating during his prayer. He did not praise Allah, nor did he invoke blessings on the Prophet (ﷺ). He (ﷺ) said, "He made haste." He then called him and said, "When any of you prays, he should begin with the glorification of his Rabb (Lord) and praise Him; he should then invoke blessings on the Prophet (ﷺ); thereafter he should supplicate Allah for anything he wishes." [Ahmad and ath-Thalathah reported it; a-Tirmidhi, Ibn Hibban and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].

Narrated Abu Mas'ud Al-Ansari (RA):

Bashir bin Sa'd said, "Allah has commanded us to invoke blessings on you, O Messenger of Allah! But how should we bless you?" Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) kept quiet (a while) and then said, "Say: 'O Allah, bless Muhammad and the members of his family as You have blessed Ibrahim, and grant favours to Muhammad and the members of his family as You have granted favours to Ibrahim. In the worlds You are indeed Praiseworthy and Glorious.' And the Taslim is as you know. [Reported by Muslim].

Ibn Khuzaimah added to it:

"How should we invoke blessings on you, whenever we invoke blessing on you in our prayers?"

Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA):

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "When one of you finishes the (last) Tashahhud, he should seek refuge in Allah from four things by saying: 'O Allah I seek refuge in You against the punishment of Jahannam (Hell-fire), the punishment of the grave, the trial of life and death and the evil of the trial of Masih ad-Dajjal (Antichrist)."' [Agreed upon].

In the narration of Muslim:

"When any of you finishes the last Tashahhud."

Narrated Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (RA):

He said to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), "Teach me a supplication to use in my prayer." He (ﷺ) said: "Say: O Allah, I have greatly wronged myself, and no one forgives sins except You, so grant me forgiveness from You and have mercy on me, You are the Forgiving and the Merciful One." [Agreed upon].

Narrated Wa'il bin Hujr (RA):

I prayed with the Prophet (ﷺ) and he would give the Taslim (salutation) to his right side (saying), "Peace be upon you and the mercy and blessings of Allah"; and to his left side (saying), "Peace be upon you and mercy and the blessings of Allah." [Reported by Abu Dawud, with a Sahih (authentic) chain].

Narrated al-Mughira bin Shu'bah (RA):

The Prophet (ﷺ) used to say after every obligatory prayer: "There is nothing worthy of worship except Allah Alone, Who has no partner. To Him belongs the kingdom, to Him praise is due, and He has power over every thing. O Allah no one can withhold what You have given, or give what You have withheld and riches cannot avail a wealthy person against You." [Agreed upon].

Narrated Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas (RA):

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) used to seek Allah's protection by invoking this supplication (Du'a) at the end of every Salat (prayer): "O Allah, I seek refuge in You from stinginess, I seek refuge in You from cowardice, I seek refuge in You from old age (and senility), I seek refuge in You from the temptation of the world and I seek refuge in You from the punishment in the grave." [Reported by al-Bukhari].

Narrated Thauban (RA):

Whenever Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) finished his prayer, he used to say after asking Allah's forgiveness three times: "O Allah, You are as-Salam (One Free from every defect), and as-Salam (safety from every evil) is (sought) from You. Blessed are You, O Possessor of glory and honour." [Reported by Muslim].

Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA) Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said:

"Whoever glorifies Allah (by saying Subhan-Allah) after every Salat (prayer) thirty-three times, and praises Allah (by saying Alhamdu-lillah) thirty-three times, and exalts Allah (by saying Allahu Akbar) thirty-three times, those are ninety-nine in all, and says to complete a hundred: La ilaha ill-Allahu, wahdahu la sharika lahu, lahul-mulku wa lahulhamdu, wa Huwa 'ala kulli shai'in Qadir (There is nothing which deserves to be worshipped except Allah Alone Who has no partner; to Him belongs the kingdom, to Him praise is due, and He has power over everything), his sins will be forgiven, even if they are as abundant as the foam of the sea." [Reported by Muslim].

In another narration it is mentioned:

"at-Takbir (Allah is the Most Great) is thirty-four times."

Narrated Mu'adh bin Jabal (RA) Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) told me, "O Mu'adh, I will give you some advice - Never leave the recitation of this supplication after every prayer:

'O Allah, help me to remember You, thank You, and worship You perfectly.'" [Ahmad, Abu Dawud and an-Nasa'i reported it through a strong chain of narrators].

Narrated Abu Umamah (RA):

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Whoever recites Ayat al-Kursi at the end of every obligatory prayer, nothing but death will prevent him from entering Paradise." [An-Nasa'i reported it, and Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic).

at-Tabarani has the addition:

"Say [O Muhammad (ﷺ)]: "He is Allah, (the) One. (Surat al-lkhlas - Surat No. 112)

Narrated Malik bin Al-Huwairith (RA):

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Pray as you have seen me praying." [Reported by al-Bukhari].

Narrated 'Imran bin Husain (RA):

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Pray standing and if you are unable, pray sitting and if you cannot, pray lying on your side, [otherwise pray by signs]." [Reported by al-Bukhari, (without the final words)].

Narrated Jabir (RA):

The saying of the Prophet (ﷺ) to a sick person who prayed on a cushion: The Prophet (ﷺ) threw it away and said, "Pray on the ground, if you are able to do so; otherwise, pray by gesturing signs and make your prostration lower than your bowing." [al-Baihaqi reported it through a strong chain of narrators, but Abu Hatim regarded it as Mauquf (saying of a Companion)].