The Book of Prayer

Narrated Abu Burdah (RA) from his father's:

I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) say, "That time is between the time when the Imam sits down and the end of the prayer." [Reported by Muslim. ad-Daraqutni held that the stronger view is that it is the saying of Abu Burdah].

Ibn Majah reported from 'Abdullah bin Salam

and Abu Dawud and an-Nasa'i reported from Jabir:

"It is between the 'Asr prayer and sunset."

More than forty different sayings were narrated about this (special fortune time on Friday), and I have detailed them in (my book) 'Sharh al-Bukhari'.

Narrated Jabir (RA):

It is decided in the Sunnah that the Friday prayer (established/recognized) when forty praying persons or more attend it. [ad-Daraqutni reported it through a weak chain of narrators].

Narrated Samurah bin Jundub (RA):

The Prophet (ﷺ) used to ask for (Allah's) forgiveness for the believing men and believing women, every al-Jumu'ah (Friday prayer). [al-Bazzar reported it through a weak chain of narrators].

Narrated Jabir bin Samurah (RA):

The Prophet (ﷺ) used to recite some verses from the Qur'an in the Friday Khutbah (religious talk - sermon), reminding the people. [Abu Dawud reported it].

And its basic meaning is in Muslim.

Narrated Tariq bin Shihab (RA):

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The Friday prayer in congregation is an obligatory duty upon every Muslim, with the exception of four: a slave, a woman, a child and a sick person." [Reported by Abu Dawud, who said that Tariq did not hear (any Hadith) from the Prophet (ﷺ)].

al-Hakim also reported it from the narration of the aforementioned Tariq, who narrated from Abu Musa.

Narrated Ibn 'Umar (RA):

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Jumu'ah prayer is not obligatory on a traveller." [Reported by at-Tabarani through a weak chain of narrators].

Narrated 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud (RA):

Whenever Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) ascended the Minbar (to give the Friday Khutbah), we used to face him. [at-Tirmidhi reported it through a weak chain of narrators].

It has a Shahid (supporting narration) in the Hadith of al-Bara', reported by Ibn Khuzaimah.

Narrated al-Hakam bin Hazn (RA):

We attended the Friday prayer with the Prophet (ﷺ) and he (ﷺ) stood leaning on a staff or a bow. [Reported by Abu Dawud].

Narrated Salih bin Khawwat on the authority of one who offered the Fear prayer with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) at the battle of Dhatur-Riqa' that a group (of the army) formed a line along with him and a group faced the enemy. He (ﷺ) led the group which was with him in a Rak'ah, and then remained standing while they finished their prayer by themselves. They then departed and lined up facing the enemy, and the other party came. He led them in the remaining Rak'a (of his prayer), after which he remained sitting while they finished their prayer by themselves. He then led them in uttering the Taslim (salutation). [Agreed upon; and this is the wording of Muslim].

This (Hadith) has been reported in al-Ma'rifah of Ibn Mundah:

from Salih ibn Khawwat, from his father.

Narrated Ibn 'Umar (RA):

I went on an expedition with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) to Najd, and when we came in front of the enemy we lined up in ranks facing them. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) then stood up and led us in prayer. One group stood up with him while the other faced the enemy. He prayed a Rak'ah with those who were with him and made two prostrations. Then, they changed places with those who had not prayed. When they came Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) prayed a Rak'ah with them and made two prostrations. He then uttered the Taslim (salutation) and each of them got up and prayed a Rak'ah alone and made two prostrations. [Agreed upon, and the wording if from al-Bukhari].

Narrated Jabir (RA):

"I witnessed Salat-al-Khauf with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and we lined up in two rows behind him with the enemy between us and the Qiblah. The Prophet (ﷺ) uttered the Takbir and we all uttered it; then he bowed and we all bowed; then he raised his head after bowing and we all raised ours; then he and the row immediately behind him went down in prostration while the rear row stood facing the enemy. Then, when Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) finished the prostration and the row immediately behind him stood up..." then he mentioned the Hadith. And in a narration "Then he prostrated and the first row prostrated with him. So when they stood, the second row prostrated then the first row went back and the second row came forward..." then he mentioned a similar to it. And at the end of it "Then the Prophet (ﷺ) uttered the Taslim (salutation) and we all did so." [Reported by Muslim].

Abu Dawud has reported from Abu 'Aiyash az-Zuraqi similarly, and he added:

"it was in Usfan."

an-Nasa'i reported this narration - through another chain of narrators - from Jabir (RA):

The Prophet (ﷺ) led a group of his Companions in two Rak'at after which he uttered the Taslim (salutation). Then he led another group in two Rak'at after which he uttered the Taslim (salutation)."