Business Transactions

Narrated [Abu Hurairah (RA)]:

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "If anyone buys a grain he must not sell it till he weighs it." [Reported by Muslim].

وَعَنْهُ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قَالَ: { مَنِ اِشْتَرَى طَعَاماً فَلَا يَبِعْهُ حَتَّى يَكْتَالَهُ } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated [Abu Hurairah (RA)]:

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade two transactions combined in one. [Reported by Ahmad and an-Nasa'i. at-Tirmidhi and Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic)].

وَعَنْهُ قَالَ: { نَهَى رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-عَنْ بَيْعَتَيْنِ فِي بَيْعَةٍ } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ, وَالنَّسَائِيُّ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ, وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ [1]‏ .‏

Abu Dawud has:

"If anyone makes to transactions combined in one he is entitled to take the lower price, or (it is considered) usury."

وَلِأَبِي دَاوُدَ: { مَنْ بَاعَ بَيْعَتَيْنِ فِي بَيْعَةٍ فَلَهُ أَوَكَسُهُمَا, أَوْ اَلرِّبَا } [1]‏ .‏

Narrated 'Amr bin Shu'aib on his father's authority from his grandfather (RA):

"Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The condition of a loan combined with a sale is not lawful, now two conditions relating to one transaction, nor the profit arising from something which is not in one's charge, nor selling what is not in your possession." [Reported by al-Khamsa. at-Tirmidhi, Ibn Khuzaimah and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].

وَعَنْ عَمْرِوِ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ, عَنْ أَبِيهِ, عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ لَا يَحِلُّ سَلَفٌ وَبَيْعٌ وَلَا شَرْطَانِ فِي بَيْعٍ, وَلَا رِبْحُ مَا لَمْ يُضْمَنْ, وَلَا بَيْعُ مَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَكَ } رَوَاهُ اَلْخَمْسَةُ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ, وَابْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ, وَالْحَاكِمُ [1]‏ .‏

al-Hakim reported it in 'Uloom al-Hadith, from the narration of Abu Hanifah, from 'Amr bin Shu'aib, with the wording:

He [the Prophet (ﷺ)] forbade a transaction (combined with) a condition. at-Tabarani reported it through this chain of narrators in al-Awsat, and it is Gharib (reported by a single narrator).

وَأَخْرَجَهُ فِي " عُلُومِ اَلْحَدِيثِ " مِنْ رِوَايَةِ أَبِي حَنِيفَةَ, عَنْ عَمْرٍو اَلْمَذْكُورِ بِلَفْظِ: " نَهَى عَنْ بَيْعٍ وَشَرْطٍ " وَمِنْ هَذَا اَلْوَجْهِ أَخْرَجَهُ اَلطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي " اَلْأَوْسَطِ " وَهُوَ غَرِيبٌ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated ['Amr bin Shu'aib on his father's authority from his grandfather (RA)]:

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade the type of transaction in which a security deposit was paid. [Reported by Malik, who said, "It reached me (with mentioning its chain of narrators) on the authority of 'Amr bin Shu'aib that..." i.e., the aforesaid Hadith].

وَعَنْهُ قَالَ: { نَهَى رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-عَنْ بَيْعِ اَلْعُرْبَانِ } رَوَاهُ مَالِكٌ, قَالَ: بَلَغَنِي عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ, بِهِ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Ibn 'Umar (RA):

I bought some oil in the market and when I had taken it (from the seller), a man met me and offered to give me a good profit for it. Then, when I was about to finalize the deal with him, a man caught hold of my forearm from behind. So I turned and found that he was Zaib bin Thabit (RA). He said, "Do not sell it in the place where you have bought it, till you take it to your dwelling. This is because Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade that commodities to be sold in the place where they were bought, till the traders take them to their dwellings." [Reported by Ahmad and Abu Dawud; this wording is from Abu Dawud. Ibn Hibban and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].

وَعَنِ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا قَالَ: { اِبْتَعْتُ زَيْتاً فِي اَلسُّوقِ, فَلَمَّا اِسْتَوْجَبْتُهُ لَقِيَنِي رَجُلٌ فَأَعْطَانِي بِهِ رِبْحاً حَسَناً، فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَضْرِبَ عَلَى يَدِ اَلرَّجُلِ، فَأَخَذَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ خَلْفِي بِذِرَاعِي، فَالْتَفَتُّ, فَإِذَا هُوَ زَيْدُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ, فَقَالَ: لَا تَبِعْهُ حَيْثُ اِبْتَعْتَهُ حَتَّى تَحُوزَهُ إِلَى رَحْلِكَ; فَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-نَهَى أَنْ تُبَاعَ اَلسِّلَعُ حَيْثُ تُبْتَاعُ, حَتَّى يَحُوزَهَا اَلتُّجَّارُ إِلَى رِحَالِهِمْ } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ, وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَاللَّفْظُ لَهُ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ حِبَّانَ وَالْحَاكِمُ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated [Ibn 'Umar (RA)]:

I said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) , I sell camels at al-Baqi'. I sell for Dinars and take Dirhams (for them), and sell for Dirhams, and take Dinars (for them), I take this for that and give that for this (i.e. Dinars and Dirhams)." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) replied, "There is no harm in taking them at the current rate so long as you do not separate leaving something still to be settled (from the exchange)." [Reported by al-Khamsah and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].

وَعَنْهُ قَالَ: { قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ! إِنِّي أَبِيعُ بِالْبَقِيعِ, فَأَبِيعُ بِالدَّنَانِيرِ وَآخُذُ اَلدَّرَاهِمَ, وَأَبِيعُ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ وَآخُذُ اَلدَّنَانِيرَ, آخُذُ هَذَا مِنْ هَذِهِ وَأُعْطِي هَذَهِ مِنْ هَذِا? فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ‏-صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ‏-: لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ تَأْخُذَهَا بِسِعْرِ يَوْمِهَا مَا لَمْ تَتَفَرَّقَا وَبَيْنَكُمَا شَيْءٌ } رَوَاهُ اَلْخَمْسَةُ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اَلْحَاكِمُ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated [Ibn 'Umar (RA)]:

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade bidding against one another (to raise the price). [Agreed upon].

وَعَنْهُ قَالَ: { نَهَى ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-عَنِ النَّجْشِ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah (RA):

The Prophet (ﷺ) forbade Muhaqalah, Muzabanah, and Mukhabarah. He also forbade Thunya unless it was explicit (a known amount). [Reported by al-Khamsah excluding Ibn Majah; at-Tirmidhi graded it Sahih (authentic)].

وَعَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ ‏-رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا‏-; { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-نَهَى عَنْ اَلْمُحَاقَلَةِ, وَالْمُزَابَنَةِ, وَالْمُخَابَرَةِ, وَعَنْ اَلثُّنْيَا, إِلَّا أَنْ تُعْلَمَ } رَوَاهُ اَلْخَمْسَةُ إِلَّا اِبْنَ مَاجَهْ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Anas (RA):

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade Muhaqalah, Mukhadarah, Mulamasah, Munabadhah and Muzabamah. [Reported by al-Bukhari].

وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: { نَهَى رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-عَنِ اَلْمُحَاقَلَةِ, وَالْمُخَاضَرَةِ, وَالْمُلَامَسَةِ, وَالْمُنَابَذَةِ, وَالْمُزَابَنَةِ } رَوَاهُ اَلْبُخَارِيُّ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Tawus from Ibn 'Abbas (RA), Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said:

"Do not go out to meet riders (to conduct business with them), and a city-dweller must not sell for a man from the desert." I asked Ibn 'Abbas (RA), "What did he mean by 'A city-dweller must not sell for a man from the desert.'" He replied, "He should not act as a broker for him." [Agreed upon and the wording is al-Bukhari's].

وَعَنْ طَاوُسٍ, عَنِ اِبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ‏-رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا‏- قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ لَا تَلَقَّوْا اَلرُّكْبَانَ, وَلَا يَبِيعُ حَاضِرٌ لِبَادٍ ".‏ قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: مَا قَوْلُهُ: " وَلَا يَبِيعُ حَاضِرٌ لِبَادٍ? " قَالَ: لَا يَكُونُ لَهُ سِمْسَارًا } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ وَاللَّفْظُ لِلْبُخَارِيِّ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA):

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Do not go out to meet what is being brought (to market for sale). Whoever has done so and bought some of it, when its owner comes to the market he has the choice (of canceling the deal)." [Reported by Muslim].

وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-{ لَا تَلَقَّوا اَلْجَلَبَ، فَمَنْ تُلُقِّيَ فَاشْتُرِيَ مِنْهُ, فَإِذَا أَتَى سَيِّدُهُ اَلسُّوقَ فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ } .‏ رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated [Abu Hurairah (RA)]:

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade, a city-dweller to sell for a man from the desert; one to bid against another (to raise the price); that someone sell (his product) by canceling the sale of his brother; to propose (marriage) to a woman after his brother has done so; or a woman to ask to have her sister divorced in order to deprive her of what belongs to her. [Agreed upon].

وَعَنْهُ قَالَ: { نَهَى رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-أَنْ يَبِيعَ حَاضِرٌ لِبَادٍ, وَلَا تَنَاجَشُوا, وَلَا يَبِيعُ اَلرَّجُلُ عَلَى بَيْعِ أَخِيهِ, وَلَا يَخْطُبُ عَلَى خِطْبَةِ أَخِيهِ, وَلَا تُسْأَلُ اَلْمَرْأَةُ طَلَاقَ أُخْتِهَا لِتَكْفَأَ مَا فِي إِنَائِهَا } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1]‏ .‏

Muslim has:

"A Muslim must not offer a price above that offered by another Muslim."

وَلِمُسْلِمٍ: { لَا يَسُمِ اَلْمُسْلِمُ عَلَى سَوْمِ اَلْمُسْلِمِ } [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Abu Ayub al-Ansari (RA):

I heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) saying, "Whoever separates a mother from her child, May Allah separate him from his beloved ones on the Day of Resurrection." [Reported by Ahmad. at-Tirmidhi and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic). However, it's chain of narrators has some weakness. But, it has a supporting narration].

وَعَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ اَلْأَنْصَارِيِّ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- [ قَالَ ]: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-يَقُولُ: { مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ وَالِدَةٍ وَوَلَدِهَا, فَرَّقَ اَللَّهُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ أَحِبَّتِهِ يَوْمَ اَلْقِيَامَةِ } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ, وَالْحَاكِمُ, وَلَكِنْ فِي إِسْنَادِهِ مَقَالٌ.‏ [1]‏ .‏ وَلَهُ شَاهِدٌ [2]‏ .‏

Narrated 'Ali bin Abu Talib (RA):

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) commanded me to sell two youths who were brothers. I sold them and separated them (by selling them to different people). When I made mention of that to the Prophet (ﷺ), he said, "Find them and get them back, and do not sell them except that they are together." [Reported by Ahmad, and the narrators of his chain are reliable. Indeed Ibn Khuzaimah, Ibn al-Jarud, Ibn Hibban, al-Hakim, at-Tabarani and Ibn Qattan graded it Sahih (authentic)].

وَعَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: { أَمَرَنِي رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-أَنْ أَبِيعَ غُلَامَيْنِ أَخَوَيْنِ, فَبِعْتُهُمَا, فَفَرَّقْتُ بَيْنَهُمَا، فَذَكَرْتُ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-فَقَالَ: أَدْرِكْهُمَا, فَارْتَجِعْهُمَا, وَلَا تَبِعْهُمَا إِلَّا جَمِيعًا } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ, وَرِجَالُهُ ثِقَاتٌ, وَقَدْ صَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ, وَابْنُ اَلْجَارُودِ, وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ, وَالْحَاكِمُ, وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ, وَابْنُ اَلْقَطَّانِ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Anas bin Malik (RA):

When prices were high in al-Madinah in the time of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), the people said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) , prices have become high, so fix them for us." Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) replied, Allah is the One Who fixes prices, Who withholds, gives lavishly and provides. And I hope that when I meet Allah, the Most High, none of you will have any claim on me for an injustice regarding blood or property." [Reported by al-Khamsah excluding an-Nasa'i; Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic)].

وَعَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- قَالَ: { غَلَا اَلسِّعْرُ بِالْمَدِينَةِ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-فَقَالَ اَلنَّاسُ: يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ! غَلَا اَلسِّعْرُ, فَسَعِّرْ لَنَا, فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-إِنَّ اَللَّهَ هُوَ اَلْمُسَعِّرُ, اَلْقَابِضُ, اَلْبَاسِطُ, الرَّازِقُ, وَإِنِّي لَأَرْجُو أَنْ أَلْقَى اَللَّهَ ‏-تَعَالَى‏-, وَلَيْسَ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمْ يَطْلُبُنِي بِمَظْلِمَةٍ فِي [1]‏ دَمٍ وَلَا مَالٍ " } رَوَاهُ اَلْخَمْسَةُ إِلَّا النَّسَائِيَّ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ حِبَّانَ [2]‏ .‏

Narrated Ma'mar bin 'Abdullah (RA):

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "None withholds goods till the price rises but a sinner." [Reported by Muslim].

وَعَنْ مَعْمَرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ ‏- رضى الله عنه ‏- عَنْ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ ‏- صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏-قَالَ: { لَا يَحْتَكِرُ إِلَّا خَاطِئٌ } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ [1]‏ .‏

Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA):

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Do not tie up the udders of camels and goats. He who buys them after that (has been done) has two choices open to him after milking them: he may keep them if he wishes, or may return them along with one Sa' of dates." [Agreed upon].