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كتاب البيوع
Read the English translation first, with the original Arabic directly underneath.
Hadith
Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA):
A man who had died in debt would be brought to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and he would ask, "Has he left anything to discharge his debt?" If he was told that he left enough he would pray over him. Otherwise, he would say, "Pray over your companion." Then, when Allah brought the conquests (of other lands) at his hands he said, "I am closer to the believers than their own selves. So, whoever dies leaving a debt, the responsibility for repaying it shall be upon me." [Agreed upon].
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ - رضى الله عنه - { أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -كَانَ يُؤْتَى بِالرَّجُلِ اَلْمُتَوَفَّى عَلَيْهِ اَلدَّيْنُ, فَيَسْأَلُ: " هَلْ تَرَكَ لِدَيْنِهِ مِنْ قَضَاءٍ? " فَإِنْ حُدِّثَ أَنَّهُ تَرَكَ وَفَاءً صَلَّى عَلَيْهِ, وَإِلَّا قَالَ: " صَلُّوا عَلَى صَاحِبِكُمْ " فَلَمَّا فَتَحَ اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ اَلْفُتُوحَ قَالَ: " أَنَا أَوْلَى بِالْمُؤْمِنِينَ مِنْ أَنْفُسِهِمْ, فَمَنْ تُوُفِّيَ, وَعَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ فَعَلَيَّ قَضَاؤُهُ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1] .
A narration by al-Bukhari has:
"Whoever dies and leavings nothing to discharge his debt..."
وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لِلْبُخَارِيِّ: { فَمَنْ مَاتَ وَلَمْ يَتْرُكْ وَفَاءً } [1] .
Narrated 'Amr bin Shu'aib on his father's authority from his grandfather (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "No surety is allowed regarding a prescribed punishment." [Reported by al-Baihaqi with a Da'if (weak) chain of narrators].
وَعَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ, عَنْ أَبِيهِ, عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ لَا كَفَالَةَ فِي حَدٍّ } رَوَاهُ اَلْبَيْهَقِيُّ بِإِسْنَادٍ ضَعِيفٍ [1] .
Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Allah, the Most High, said, 'I am the third (partner) of two partners as long as one of them does not cheat the his companion. Then, if he cheats (his partner) I depart from them.'" [Reported by Abu Dawud and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].
عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ قَالَ اَللَّهُ: أَنَا ثَالِثُ اَلشَّرِيكَيْنِ مَا لَمْ يَخُنْ أَحَدُهُمَا صَاحِبَهُ, فَإِذَا خَانَ خَرَجْتُ مِنْ بَيْنِهِمَا } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اَلْحَاكِمُ [1] .
Narrated as-Saib al-Makhzumi (RA):
That he was the partner of the Prophet (ﷺ) before the Prophethood. Then, he came (to Makkah) on the day of the Conquest (of Makkah), and he (the Prophet) said: "Welcome to my brother and partner." [Reported by Ahmad, Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah].
وَعَنْ اَلسَّائِبِ [ بْنِ يَزِيدَ ] اَلْمَخْزُومِيِّ { أَنَّهُ كَانَ شَرِيكَ اَلنَّبِيِّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -قَبْلَ اَلْبَعْثَةِ, فَجَاءَ يَوْمَ اَلْفَتْحِ, فَقَالَ: " مَرْحَباً بِأَخِي وَشَرِيكِي } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ, وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ, وَابْنُ مَاجَةَ [1] .
Narrated 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud (RA):
"Ammar, Sa'd and I agrred to be partners in whatever we would get (from the spoils of war) on the day of Badr." The narrator quoted the rest of the Hadith which concludes: "Then Sa'd brought two captives, but neither Ammar nor I brought anything." [Reported by an-Nasa'i and others].
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: { اِشْتَرَكْتُ أَنَا وَعَمَّارٌ وَسَعْدٌ فِيمَا نُصِيبُ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ.. } اَلْحَدِيثَ. رَوَاهُ النَّسَائِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُ [1] .
Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah (RA):
I intended to go to Khaibar, so I went to the Prophet (ﷺ) and he said, "When you meet my agent at Khaibar take fifteen Wasq (of dates) from him." [Abu Dawud reported and graded it Sahih (authentic)].
وَعَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ -رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا- { قَالَ: أَرَدْتُ اَلْخُرُوجَ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ, فَأَتَيْتُ اَلنَّبِيَّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -فَقَالَ: " إِذَا أَتَيْتَ وَكِيلِي بِخَيْبَرَ, فَخُذْ مِنْهُ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ وَسْقًا } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَصَحَّحَهُ [1] .
Narrated 'Urwa al-Bariqi (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) sent him with a Dinar to buy a sacrificial animal for him. [The reporter mentioned the rest of the Hadith. al-Bukhari reported it in the context of another previously mentioned Hadith].
وَعَنْ عُرْوَةَ الْبَارِقِيِّ - رضى الله عنه - { أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -بَعَثَ مَعَهُ بِدِينَارٍ يَشْتَرِي لَهُ أُضْحِيَّةً.. } اَلْحَدِيثَ. رَوَاهُ اَلْبُخَارِيُّ فِي أَثْنَاءِ حَدِيثٍ, وَقَدْ تَقَدَّمَ [1] .
Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA):
"Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) sent 'Umar to collect the Sadaqah." The reported mentioned the rest of the Hadith. [Agreed upon].
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: { بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -عُمَرَ عَلَى اَلصَّدَقَةِ.. } اَلْحَدِيثَ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1] .
Narrated Jabir (RA):
"The Prophet (ﷺ) slaughtered sixty-three (sacrificial) camels and ordered 'Ali to slaughter the remainder [thirty-seven]." The reported mentioned the rest of the Hadith. [Reported by Muslim].
وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ - رضى الله عنه - { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -نَحَرَ ثَلَاثًا وَسِتِّينَ, وَأَمَرَ عَلِيًّا أَنْ يَذْبَحَ اَلْبَاقِيَ } اَلْحَدِيثَ. رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ [1] .
Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA) regarding the story of the hired servant:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'Unais, go (in the morning) to this man's wife, and if she confesses, stone her to death." The reported mentioned the rest of the previous Hadith. [Agreed upon].
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ - رضى الله عنه - فِي قِصَّةِ اَلْعَسِيفِ. قَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ وَاغْدُ يَا أُنَيْسُ عَلَى اِمْرَأَةِ هَذَا, فَإِنْ اِعْتَرَفَتْ فَارْجُمْهَا.. } اَلْحَدِيثَ. مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1] . فِيهِ اَلَّذِي قَبْلَهُ وَمَا أَشْبَهَهُ
Narrated Abu Dhar (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said to me, "Say the truth even though it is bitter (i.e. difficult to admit)." [Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic) as a part of a long Hadith].
عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ قُلِ اَلْحَقَّ, وَلَوْ كَانَ مُرًّا } صَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ حِبَّانَ فِي حَدِيثٍ طَوِيلٍ [1] .
Narrated Samura bin Jundub (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The hand (which takes) is responsible for what it has taken till it returns it." [Reported by Ahmad and al-Arba'a. al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].
عَنْ سَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدُبٍ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ عَلَى اَلْيَدِ مَا أَخَذَتْ حَتَّى تُؤَدِّيَهُ } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ, وَالْأَرْبَعَةُ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اَلْحَاكِمُ [1] .
Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Give back what has been entrusted (to you) to him who has entrusted you, and do not violate the trust of him who violates your trust." [Reported by at-Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud; at-Tirmidhi graded it Hasan (good) and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic). Abu Hatim ar-Razi considered it Munkar (rejected)].
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ أَدِّ اَلْأَمَانَةَ إِلَى مَنْ اِئْتَمَنَكَ, وَلَا تَخُنْ مَنْ خَانَكَ } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ, وَاَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَحَسَّنَهُ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اَلْحَاكِمُ, وَاسْتَنْكَرَهُ أَبُو حَاتِمٍ اَلرَّازِيُّ [1] .
Narrated Ya'la bin Umaiya (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said to me, "When my messengers come to you, give them thirty coats of armor." I asked, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) , is it a loan with a guarantee (of its return), or a borrowed object that must be returned?" He replied, "No, it is a borrowed object that must be returned." [Reported by Ahmad, Abu Dawud and an-Nasa'i. Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic)].
وَعَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ إِذَا أَتَتْكَ رُسُلِي فَأَعْطِهِمْ ثَلَاثِينَ دِرْعاً ", قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ ! أَعَارِيَةٌ مَضْمُونَةٌ أَوْ عَارِيَةٌ مُؤَدَّاةٌ? قَالَ: بَلْ عَارِيَةٌ مُؤَدَّاةٌ } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ, وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ, وَالنَّسَائِيُّ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ حِبَّانَ [1] .
Narrated Safwan bin Umaiya (RA):
At the battle of Hunain, the Prophet (ﷺ) borrowed coats of mail from him and he asked, "Are you taking them by force, O Muhammad (ﷺ)?" He replied, "No, it is a loan with a guarantee of their reutrn." [Reported by Abu Dawud and an-Nasa'i; al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].
وَعَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ; { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -اِسْتَعَارَ مِنْهُ دُرُوعاً يَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ. فَقَالَ: أَغَصْبٌ يَا مُحَمَّدُ? قَالَ: بَلْ عَارِيَةٌ مَضْمُونَةٌ } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ, وَالنَّسَائِيُّ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اَلْحَاكِمُ [1] .
He also reported for this Hadith a Shahid (supporting narration) which is weak, from Ibn 'Abbas.
وَأَخْرَجَ لَهُ شَاهِدًا ضَعِيفًا عَنْ اِبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ [1] .
Narrated Sa'id bin Zaid (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "If anyone takes a span of land unjustly, on the Day of Resurrection Allah will strangle him with it from seven earths." [Agreed upon].
عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ -رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا-; أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -قَالَ: { مَنْ اِقْتَطَعَ شِبْرًا مِنْ اَلْأَرْضِ ظُلْماً طَوَّقَهُ اَللَّهُ إِيَّاهُ يَوْمَ اَلْقِيَامَةِ مِنْ سَبْعِ أَرَضِينَ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1] .
Narrated Anas (RA):
The Prophet (ﷺ) was with one of his wives when one of the Mothers of the Believers (another of his wives) sent a bowl containing food with a servant of hers. Then, she (in whose house he was) struck it with her hand and the bowl was broken. He collected the pieces of the bowl and began to collect the follow in it and said, "You eat," and gave an unbroken bowl to the messenger (servant) and kept the broken one. [Reported by al-Bukhari].
كُلُوا
at-Tirmidhi named the one who broke it as 'Aishah (RA) and added:
The Prophet (ﷺ) then said, "Food for food, and a vessel for a vessel." [at-Tirmidhi graded it Sahih (authentic)].
وَاَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ, وَسَمَّى اَلضَّارِبَةَ عَائِشَةَ, وَزَادَ: فَقَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ طَعَامٌ بِطَعَامٍ, وَإِنَاءٌ بِإِنَاءٍ } وَصَحَّحَهُ [1] .