Marriage
كتاب النكاح
Read the English translation first, with the original Arabic directly underneath.
Hadith
Narrated 'Aamir bin 'Abdullah bin az-Zubair on the authority of his father:
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Make marriage publicly known." [Reported by Ahmad and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].
وَعَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ اَلزُّبَيْرِ , عَنْ أَبِيهِ ; أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -قَالَ : { أَعْلِنُوا اَلنِّكَاحَ } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ , وَصَحَّحَهُ اَلْحَاكِمُ [1] .
Narrated Abu Burda bin Abu Musa on the authority of his father; Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said:
"There is no marriage without a guardian." [Ahmad and al-Arba'a reported it. Ibn al-Madini, at-Tirmidhi and Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic), but it was regarded defective for being Mursal (missing link after the Tabi'i)].
وَعَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُوسَى , عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ لَا نِكَاحَ إِلَّا بِوَلِيٍّ } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَالْأَرْبَعَةُ [1] وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ اَلْمَدِينِيِّ , وَاَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ , وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ , وَأُعِلَّ بِالْإِرْسَالِ [2] .
Narrated 'Aishah (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "If anyone married without the consent of her guardian, her marriage is invalid. If there is cohabitation, she is entitled to the dowry, due to the sexual intercourse made lawful with her. If there is a dispute (between her guardian), the ruler is the guardian of one who has no guardian." [Reported by al-Arba'a except an-Nasa'i. Abu 'Awanah, Ibn Hibban and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ أَيُّمَا اِمْرَأَةٍ نَكَحَتْ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ وَلِيِّهَا, فَنِكَاحُهَا بَاطِلٌ, فَإِنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا فَلَهَا اَلْمَهْرُ بِمَا اِسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا, فَإِنِ اشْتَجَرُوا فَالسُّلْطَانُ وَلِيُّ مَنْ لَا وَلِيَّ لَهُ } أَخْرَجَهُ اَلْأَرْبَعَةُ إِلَّا النَّسَائِيَّ, وَصَحَّحَهُ أَبُو عَوَانَةَ , وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ وَالْحَاكِمُ [1] .
Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "A previously married woman must not be married till she is consulted, and a virgin must not be married till her consent is asked." They asked, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) , how is her consent indicated?" He replied, "It is by her silence." [Agreed upon].
قَالُوا : يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ , وَكَيْفَ إِذْنُهَا ? قَالَ :
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas (RA):
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "A woman who has been previously married has more right over her person than her guardian, and a virgin must be consulted, and her consent is silence." [Reported by Muslim].
وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ - رضى الله عنه - أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -قَالَ { اَلثَّيِّبُ أَحَقُّ بِنَفْسِهَا مِنْ وَلِيِّهَا , وَالْبِكْرُ تُسْتَأْمَرُ , وَإِذْنُهَا سُكُوتُهَا } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ [1] .
Another narration has:
"A guardian has no authority over a woman who has been previously married,; and an orphan girl must be consulted." [Reported by Abu Dawud and an-Nasa'i; Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic)].
وَفِي لَفْظٍ : { لَيْسَ لِلْوَلِيِّ مَعَ اَلثَّيِّبِ أَمْرٌ, وَالْيَتِيمَةُ تُسْتَأْمَرُ } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ , وَالنَّسَائِيُّ , وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ حِبَّانَ [1] .
Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "A woman may not give a woman in marriage, nor may she give herself in marriage." [Reported by Ibn Majah and ad-Daraqutni. Its narrators are reliable (thiqah)].
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ لَا تُزَوِّجُ اَلْمَرْأَةُ اَلْمَرْأَةَ, وَلَا تُزَوِّجُ اَلْمَرْأَةُ نَفْسَهَا } رَوَاهُ اِبْنُ مَاجَهْ , وَاَلدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ , وَرِجَالُهُ ثِقَاتٌ [1] .
Narrated Nafi' from Ibn 'Umar (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) prohibited Shighar, which means that a man gives his daughter in marriage on condition that the other gives his daughter to him in marriage [in exchange] without any dowry being paid by either. [Agreed upon].
وَعَنْ نَافِعٍ , عَنْ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ : { نَهَى رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -عَنِ الشِّغَارِ ; وَالشِّغَارُ: أَنْ يُزَوِّجَ اَلرَّجُلُ اِبْنَتَهُ عَلَى أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهُ اَلْآخَرُ اِبْنَتَهُ , وَلَيْسَ بَيْنَهُمَا صَدَاقٌ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1] .
And they both agreed that the explanation of the meaning of Shighar is the saying of Nafi'.
وَاتَّفَقَا مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ عَلَى أَنَّ تَفْسِيرَ اَلشِّغَارِ مِنْ كَلَامِ نَافِعٍ [1] .
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas (RA):
A virgin girl came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and mentioned that her father had married her against her will, so Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) allowed her to exercise her choice. [Reported by Ahmad, Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah. If it is considered defective for being Mursal (missing link in the chain after the Tabi'i)].
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ - رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا- { أَنَّ جَارِيَةً بِكْرًا أَتَتِ النَّبِيَّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -فَذَكَرَتْ: أَنَّ أَبَاهَا زَوَّجَهَا وَهِيَ كَارِهَةٌ , فَخَيَّرَهَا اَلنَّبِيُّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -} رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ , وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ , وَابْنُ مَاجَهْ , وَأُعِلَّ بِالْإِرْسَالِ [1] .
Narrated al-Hasan from Samurah (RA):
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "If two guardians have given a woman in marriage, she marries the man she was first married to." [Reported by Ahmad and al-Arba'a. at-Tirmidhi graded it Hasan (good)].
وَعَنْ اَلْحَسَنِ , عَنْ سَمُرَةَ , عَنِ اَلنَّبِيِّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -قَالَ : { أَيُّمَا اِمْرَأَةٍ زَوَّجَهَا وَلِيَّانِ , فَهِيَ لِلْأَوَّلِ مِنْهُمَا } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ , وَالْأَرْبَعَةُ , وَحَسَّنَهُ اَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ [1] .
Narrated Jabir (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Any slave who marries without the permission of his masters or owners is (like) a fornicator." [Reported by Ahmad, Abu Dawud, an-Nasa'i and at-Tirmidhi; the latter graded it Sahih (authentic), as did Ibn Hibban].
وَعَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ أَيُّمَا عَبْدٍ تَزَوَّجَ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ مَوَالِيهِ أَوْ أَهْلِهِ , فَهُوَ عَاهِرٌ } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ , وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ , وَاَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَصَحَّحَهُ , وَكَذَلِكَ اِبْنُ حِبَّانَ [1] .
Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "A man must not join together (in marriage to him) a woman and her paternal aunt or a woman and her maternal aunt." [Agreed upon].
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ - رضى الله عنه - أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -قَالَ : { لَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ اَلْمَرْأَةِ وَعَمَّتِهَا , وَلَا بَيْنَ اَلْمَرْأَةِ وَخَالَتِهَا } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1] .
Narrated 'Uthman (RA):
Allah's Messneger (ﷺ) said: "One who is in Ihram may not marry, or be given in marriage." [Reported by Muslim]. In another narration by him it says: "He should not ask someone's hand in marriage."
وَعَنْ عُثْمَانَ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ لَا يَنْكِحُ اَلْمُحْرِمُ , وَلَا يُنْكَحُ } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ . وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ لَهُ : { وَلَا يَخْطُبُ } [1] .
Ibn Hibban added:
"nor give someone in engagement (to be married)."
وَزَادَ اِبْنُ حِبَّانَ : { وَلَا يُخْطَبُ عَلَيْهِ } [1] .
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas (RA):
The Prophet (ﷺ) married Maimunah (RA) when he was in the state of Ihram (during pilgrimage). [Agreed upon].
وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ -رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا- قَالَ : { تَزَوَّجَ اَلنَّبِيُّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -مَيْمُونَةَ وَهُوَ مُحْرِمٌ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1] .
Muslim reported from Maimunah (RA) herself:
"The Prophet (ﷺ) married her when he was not in the state of Ihram."
وَلِمُسْلِمٍ : عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ نَفْسِهَا { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -تَزَوَّجَهَا وَهُوَ حَلَالٌ } [1] .
Narrated 'Uqbah bin 'Aamir (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The most worthy conditions to be fulfilled are those by which you make sexual intercourse lawful for yourselves (in marriage)." [Agreed upon].
وَعَنْ عُقْبَةَ بْنِ عَامِرٍ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ : قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ إِنَّ أَحَقَّ اَلشُّرُوطِ أَنْ يُوَفَّى بِهِ , مَا اِسْتَحْلَلْتُمْ بِهِ اَلْفُرُوجَ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1] .
Narrated Salamah bin al-Akwa' (RA):
In the year of Autas, Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) permitted Mut'a (temporary marriage) for three nights, then he prohibited (afterwards). [Reported by Muslim].
وَعَنْ سَلَمَةَ بْنِ الْأَكْوَعِ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ : { رَخَّصَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -عَامَ أَوْطَاسٍ فِي اَلْمُتْعَةِ , ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ , ثُمَّ نَهَى عَنْهَا } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ [1] .
Narrated 'Ali (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) forbade Mut'a (temporary marriage) in the year of Khaibar. [Agreed upon].
وَعَنْ عَلَيٍّ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ : { نَهَى رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -عَنْ اَلْمُتْعَةِ عَامَ خَيْبَرَ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ [1] .