Marriage

Anas said that when the Prophet (ﷺ) brought Fatima a slave whom he presented to her she was wearing a garment which did not reach her feet when she put it over her head, and did not reach her head when she covered her feet with it. Noticing her predicament, God’s Messenger said, “There is nothing to worry about. It is only your father and your slave.” Abu Dawud transmitted it.

Umm Salama told that once when the Prophet (ﷺ) was with her there was in the house a hermaphrodite who said to Abdallah b. Abu Umayya, Umm Salama's brother, “If God conquers at-Ta'if for you tomorrow, I shall lead you to the daughter of Ghailan who has four folds of fat in front and eight behind.” Thereupon the Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Do not let these people visit you.” (Bukhari and Muslim.)

Al-Miswar b. Makhrama said:

While I was walking along carrying a heavy stone my garment fell off and I was unable to get it. God’s Messenger saw me and said to me, “Put on your garment and do not go naked.”* * "Put on” is singular and “do not go” is plural, indicating that the first part of the sentence is addressed to al-Miswar and that the second is a general injunction. Muslim transmitted it.

‘A'isha said, “I never looked at (or, I never saw) God’s Messenger’s private parts.” Ibn Majah transmitted it.

Abu Umama reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “If any Muslim happens to look at a woman’s beauties and then lowers his eyes, God will produce for him an act of worship whose sweetness he will experience.” Ahmad transmitted it.

Al-Hasan told in <i>mursal</i> form that he heard God’s Messenger had said, “God curse the one who looks and the one who is looked at!” Baihaqi transmitted it in <i>Shu'ab al-iman</i>.

Abu Huraira reported God’s Messenger as saying, “A woman without a husband* must not be married till she is consulted, and a virgin must not be married till her permission is asked.” When asked how her permission was indicated he replied that it was by her saying nothing. * <i>Ayyim</i>. This means a woman who has no husband. It may mean a woman who has not been married, whether a virgin or not, or a woman previously married who has no husband. See n. 2. (Bukhari and Muslim.)

Ibn ‘Abbas reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “A woman without a husband has more right to her person than her guardian, and a virgin’s permission must be asked about herself, her permission being her silence.” In a version he said, “A woman who has been previously married* has more right to her person than her guardian, and a virgin must be consulted, her permission consisting in her saying nothing.” In another version he said, “A woman who has been previously married has more right to her person than her guardian” and a virgin’s father must ask her permission about herself, her permission being her silence.” * <i>Thayyib</i>. This means a woman previously married who has no husband. In view of the context it is argued that <i>ayyim</i> is used above in this sense. Muslim transmitted it.

Khansa’ daughter of Khidham told that when her father married her when she had previously been married and she disapproved of that, she went to God's Messenger and he revoked her marriage. A version by Ibn Majah has “the marriage [arranged by] her father.” Bukhari transmitted it.

‘A’isha said that the Prophet (ﷺ) married her when she was seven, she was brought to live with him when she was nine bringing her toys with her, and he died when she was eighteen. Muslim transmitted it.

Abu Musa reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “There is no marriage without a guardian.” Ahmad, Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah and Darimi transmitted it.

‘A’isha reported God’s Messenger as saying, “If any woman marries without the consent of her guardian her marriage is void, her marriage is void, her marriage is void. If there is cohabitation she gets her dower for the intercourse her husband has had. If there is a dispute*, the sultan is the guardian of one who has none.” * i.e., among guardians, <i>Mirqat</i> iii. 418 says that if their dispute would keep a woman from being married, they are treated as non-existent. Ahmad, Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud, Ibn Majah and Darimi transmitted it.

Ibn ‘Abbas reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, ‘Adulteresses are those women who marry themselves without evidence.” The soundest view is that it does not go back farther than Ibn ‘Abbas. Tirmidhi transmitted it.

Abu Huraira reported God’s Messenger as saying, “An orphan girl should be consulted about herself; if she says nothing that indicates her permission, but if she refuses, the authority of the guardian cannot be exercised against her will.” Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud and Nasa’i transmitted it, and Darimi transmitted it on the authority of Abu Musa.

Jabir reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying, “Any slave who marries without his master's permission is a fornicator.” Tirmidhi, Abu Dawud and Darimi transmitted it.

Ibn ‘Abbas told that a virgin came to God’s Messenger and mentioned that her father had married her against her will, so the Prophet (ﷺ) allowed her to exercise her choice. Abu Dawud transmitted it.

Abu Huraira reported God's Messenger as saying, “A woman may not give a woman in marriage, nor may she give herself in marriage, for the immoral woman is the one who gives herself in marriage.” Ibn Majah transmitted it.

Abu Sa'id and Ibn ‘Abbas reported God’s Messenger as saying, “He who has a son born to him should give him a good name and a good education and marry him when he reaches puberty. If he does not marry him when he reaches puberty and He commits sin, its guilt rests only upon his father." Baihaqi transmitted in <i>Shu'ab al-iman</i>.

‘Umar b. al-Khattab and Anas b. Malik reported God’s Messenger as saying that it is written in the Torah, “If anyone does not give his daughter in marriage when she reaches twelve and she commits sin, the guilt of that rests on him." Baihaqi transmitted in <i>Shu'ab al-iman</i>.

Ar-Rubayyi‘ daughter of Mu'awwidh b. ‘Afra’ said:

The Prophet (ﷺ) came and entered when I had been conducted to my husband, and sat on my bedding as you are sitting beside me. Some little girls of ours began to play the tambourine and eulogise those of my ancestors who were killed at the battle of Badr, and then one of them said: “And among us is a prophet who knows what will happen tomorrow." Thereupon he said, “Stop this and say what you were saying.” Bukhari transmitted it.