General Behavior (Kitab Al-Adab)
كتاب الأدب
Read the English translation first, with the original Arabic directly underneath.
Hadith
Narrated AbuHurayrah:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: A man follows the religion of his friend; so each one should consider whom he makes his friend.
الرَّجُلُ عَلَى دِينِ خَلِيلِهِ فَلْيَنْظُرْ أَحَدُكُمْ مَنْ يُخَالِلُ
Abu Hurairah reported the Prophet (ﷺ) as saying:
The spirits are in marshaled hosts; those who know one another will be friendly, and those who do not, will keep apart.
الأَرْوَاحُ جُنُودٌ مُجَنَّدَةٌ فَمَا تَعَارَفَ مِنْهَا ائْتَلَفَ وَمَا تَنَاكَرَ مِنْهَا اخْتَلَفَ
Abu Musa reported the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) as saying:
Gladden people and do not scare them; make things easy and do not make them difficult.
بَشِّرُوا وَلاَ تُنَفِّرُوا وَيَسِّرُوا وَلاَ تُعَسِّرُوا
Narrated As-Sa'ib:
I came to the Prophet (ﷺ). The people began to praise me and make a mention of me. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: I know you, that is, he knew him. I said: My father and mother be sacrificed for you! you were my partner and how good a partner ; you neither disputed nor quarrelled.
أَنَا أَعْلَمُكُمْ
Narrated Abdullah ibn Salam:
When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sat talking (to the people), he would often raise his eyes to the sky.
حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ يَحْيَى الْحَرَّانِيُّ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدٌ، - يَعْنِي ابْنَ سَلَمَةَ - عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ يُوسُفَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلاَمٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِذَا جَلَسَ يَتَحَدَّثُ يُكْثِرُ أَنْ يَرْفَعَ طَرْفَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ .
Narrated Jabir ibn Abdullah:
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) spoke in a distinct and leisurely manner.
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلاَءِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بِشْرٍ، عَنْ مِسْعَرٍ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ شَيْخًا، فِي الْمَسْجِدِ يَقُولُ سَمِعْتُ جَابِرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، يَقُولُ كَانَ فِي كَلاَمِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم تَرْتِيلٌ أَوْ تَرْسِيلٌ .
Narrated Aisha, Ummul Mu'minin:
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) spoke in a distinct manner so that anyone who listened to him could understand it.
حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ ابْنَا أَبِي شَيْبَةَ قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ، عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، رَحِمَهَا اللَّهُ قَالَتْ كَانَ كَلاَمُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَلاَمًا فَصْلاً يَفْهَمُهُ كُلُّ مَنْ سَمِعَهُ .
Narrated AbuHurayrah:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Every important matter which is not begun by an expression of praise to Allah is maimed. Abu Dawud said: It has also been transmitted by Yunus, 'Aqil, Shu'aib, Sa'id b. 'Abd al-Aziz from al-Zuhri from the Prophet (ﷺ) in Mursal form (the link of the Companion is missing).
كُلُّ كَلاَمٍ لاَ يُبْدَأُ فِيهِ بِـ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ فَهُوَ أَجْذَمُ
Narrated AbuHurayrah:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Every sermon which does not contain a tashahhud is like a hand cut off.
كُلُّ خُطْبَةٍ لَيْسَ فِيهَا تَشَهُّدٌ فَهِيَ كَالْيَدِ الْجَذْمَاءِ
Narrated Maimun ibn Abu Shabib:
A beggar passed by Aisha and she gave him a piece of bread. Another man who wore clothes and had a good appearance passed by her, and she made him sit down and he ate (with her). When she was asked about that, she replied: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Treat the people according to their ranks. Abu Dawud said: The version of Yahya is short. Abu Dawud said: Maimun did not meet 'A'ishah.
أَنْزِلُوا النَّاسَ مَنَازِلَهُمْ
Narrated AbuMusa al-Ash'ari:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Glorifying Allah involves showing honour to a grey-haired Muslim and to one who can expound the Qur'an, but not to one who acts extravagantly regarding it, or turns away from it, and showing honour to a just ruler.
إِنَّ مِنْ إِجْلاَلِ اللَّهِ إِكْرَامَ ذِي الشَّيْبَةِ الْمُسْلِمِ وَحَامِلِ الْقُرْآنِ غَيْرِ الْغَالِي فِيهِ وَالْجَافِي عَنْهُ وَإِكْرَامَ ذِي السُّلْطَانِ الْمُقْسِطِ
Narrated Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-'As:
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: One should not sit between two men except with their permission.
لاَ يُجْلَسُ بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِهِمَا
Narrated Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-'As:
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: It is not lawful for a man to separate two persons except with their permission.
لاَ يَحِلُّ لِرَجُلٍ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَ بَيْنَ اثْنَيْنِ إِلاَّ بِإِذْنِهِمَا
Narrated AbuSa'id al-Khudri:
When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sat, he had his knees drawn up supported by his hands. Abu Dawud said: 'Abd Allah b. Ibrahim was an old man and his traditions were rejected.
حَدَّثَنَا سَلَمَةُ بْنُ شَبِيبٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الأَنْصَارِيُّ، عَنْ رُبَيْحِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ جَدِّهِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ إِذَا جَلَسَ احْتَبَى بِيَدِهِ . قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ شَيْخٌ مُنْكَرُ الْحَدِيثِ .
Narrated Qaylah daughter of Makhramah:
She saw the Prophet (ﷺ) sitting with his arms round his legs. She said: When I saw the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) in such humble condition in the sitting position (according to Musa's version), I trembled with fear.
حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَمُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ حَسَّانَ الْعَنْبَرِيُّ، قَالَ حَدَّثَتْنِي جَدَّتَاىَ، صَفِيَّةُ وَدُحَيْبَةُ ابْنَتَا عُلَيْبَةَ - قَالَ مُوسَى بِنْتُ حَرْمَلَةَ - وَكَانَتَا رَبِيبَتَىْ قَيْلَةَ بِنْتِ مَخْرَمَةَ وَكَانَتْ جَدَّةَ أَبِيهِمَا أَنَّهَا أَخْبَرَتْهُمَا أَنَّهَا، رَأَتِ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم وَهُوَ قَاعِدٌ الْقُرْفُصَاءَ فَلَمَّا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم الْمُخْتَشِعَ - وَقَالَ مُوسَى الْمُتَخَشِّعَ فِي الْجِلْسَةِ - أُرْعِدْتُ مِنَ الْفَرَقِ .
'Amr b. al-Sharid quoted his father al-Sharid b. Suwaid as saying:
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) came upon me when I was sitting thus: having my left hand behind my back and leaning on the fleshy part of it, and said: Are you sitting in the manner of those with whom Allah is angry?
أَتَقْعُدُ قِعْدَةَ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ
Abu Barzah said:
the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade sleeping before the night prayer and talking after it.
حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنْ عَوْفٍ، قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْمِنْهَالِ، عَنْ أَبِي بَرْزَةَ، قَالَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَنْهَى عَنِ النَّوْمِ قَبْلَهَا وَالْحَدِيثِ بَعْدَهَا .
Jabir b. Samurah said:
When the Prophet (ﷺ) prayed the dawn prayer, he sat cross-legged where he was till the sun had come well up.
حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ الْحَفَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ الثَّوْرِيُّ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ سَمُرَةَ، قَالَ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم إِذَا صَلَّى الْفَجْرَ تَرَبَّعَ فِي مَجْلِسِهِ حَتَّى تَطْلُعَ الشَّمْسُ حَسْنَاءَ .
`Abd Allah (b. Mas`ud) reported the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) as saying:
Two persons should not talk privately ignoring the third, for that will grieve him.
لاَ يَنْتَجِي اثْنَانِ دُونَ الثَّالِثِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ يُحْزِنُهُ
A similar tradition has been transmitted by Ibn `Umar through a different chain of narrators. This version has:
Abu Salih said: I asked Ibn `Umar: If they are four? He replied: Then it does not harm you.
حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا عِيسَى بْنُ يُونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا الأَعْمَشُ، عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم مِثْلَهُ . قَالَ أَبُو صَالِحٍ فَقُلْتُ لاِبْنِ عُمَرَ فَأَرْبَعَةٌ قَالَ لاَ يَضُرُّكَ .