The Chapters on Business Transactions
كتاب التجارات
Read the English translation first, with the original Arabic directly underneath.
Hadith
It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
"O Allah, bless my nation early in the morning of Thursday.' "
اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لأُمَّتِي فِي بُكُورِهَا يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ
It was narrated from Ibn Umar that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
"O Allah, bless my nation early in the morning.' "
اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ لأُمَّتِي فِي بُكُورِهَا
It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that the Prophet (ﷺ) said:
"O Allah, bless my nation in their early mornings.". It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Whoever buys a Musarrah, he has the choice (of annulling the deal) for three days. If he returns it, then he must also give a Sa' of dates, not Samra'." Meaning wheat.
مَنِ ابْتَاعَ مُصَرَّاةً فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ ثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَإِنْ رَدَّهَا رَدَّ مَعَهَا صَاعًا مِنْ تَمْرٍ لاَ سَمْرَاءَ
'Abdullah bin 'Umar said:
"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Whoever buys a Muhaffalah, (1) he has the choice (of annulling the deal) for three days. If he returns it, then he must also give wheat equal to twice, the amount of its milk, or equal to the amount of its milk."'
يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ مَنْ بَاعَ مُحَفَّلَةً فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ ثَلاَثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَإِنْ رَدَّهَا رَدَّ مَعَهَا مِثْلَىْ لَبَنِهَا - أَوْ قَالَ مِثْلَ لَبَنِهَا - قَمْحًا
It was narrated that 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud said:
"I bear witness that the true and truly inspired one Abul-Qasim (ﷺ) told us: 'Selling a Muhaffalah is Khilabah, and Khilabah is not lawful for the Muslim."' (Ibn Majah said: " Meaning: 'Deception.")
بَيْعُ الْمُحَفَّلاَتِ خِلاَبَةٌ وَلاَ تَحِلُّ الْخِلاَبَةُ لِمُسْلِمٍ
It was narrated from Aishah that :
the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ruled that what a slave earns belongs to his guarantor.
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ مَخْلَدِ بْنِ خُفَافِ بْنِ إِيمَاءَ بْنِ رَحَضَةَ الْغِفَارِيِّ، عَنْ عُرْوَةَ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ قَضَى أَنَّ خَرَاجَ الْعَبْدِ بِضَمَانِهِ .
It was narrated from 'Aishah that:
a man bought a slave and put him to work, then he found some defect in him, so he returned him. He (the seller) said: "O Messenger of Allah he put my slave to work." The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "A slave's earnings belong to his guarantor."
الْخَرَاجُ بِالضَّمَانِ
It was narrated from Samurah bin Jundab that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
"The contractual obligation regarding a slave lasts for three days." (1)
عُهْدَةُ الرَّقِيقِ ثَلاَثَةُ أَيَّامٍ
It was narrated from 'Uqbah bin 'Amir that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
"There is no contractual obligation after four (days)."
لاَ عُهْدَةَ بَعْدَ أَرْبَعٍ
It was narrated that 'Uqbah bin 'Amir said:
"I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: 'The Muslim is the brother of another Muslim, and it is not permissible for a Muslim to sell his brother goods in which there is a defect, without pointing that out to him."'
الْمُسْلِمُ أَخُو الْمُسْلِمِ وَلاَ يَحِلُّ لِمُسْلِمٍ بَاعَ مِنْ أَخِيهِ بَيْعًا فِيهِ عَيْبٌ إِلاَّ بَيَّنَهُ لَهُ
It was narrated that Wathilah bin Asqa' said:
"I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: 'Whoever sells defective goods without pointing it out, he will remain subject to the wrath of Allah, and the angels will continue to curse him.'"
مَنْ بَاعَ عَيْبًا لَمْ يُبَيِّنْهُ لَمْ يَزَلْ فِي مَقْتٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَلَمْ تَزَلِ الْمَلاَئِكَةُ تَلْعَنُهُ
It was narrated that 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud said:
"When captives were brought to him, the Prophet (ﷺ) would give the members of one family together (to one person), not wanting to separate them."
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، قَالَ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ إِذَا أُتِيَ بِالسَّبْىِ أَعْطَى أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ جَمِيعًا كَرَاهِيَةَ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمْ .
It was narrated that 'Ali said:
"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) gave me two slaves who were brothers, and I sold one of them. He said: 'What happened with the two slaves?' I said: 'I sold one of them.' He said: 'Take him back."'
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ، عَنْ حَمَّادٍ، أَنْبَأَنَا الْحَجَّاجُ، عَنِ الْحَكَمِ، عَنْ مَيْمُونِ بْنِ أَبِي شَبِيبٍ، عَنْ عَلِيٍّ، قَالَ وَهَبَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ غُلاَمَيْنِ أَخَوَيْنِ فَبِعْتُ أَحَدَهُمَا فَقَالَ " مَا فَعَلَ الْغُلاَمَانِ " . قُلْتُ بِعْتُ أَحَدَهُمَا قَالَ " رُدَّهُ " .
It was narrated that Abu Musa said:
"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) cursed the one who separates a mother and her child, or a brother from his brother."
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْهَيَّاجِ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى، أَنْبَأَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ طَلِيقِ بْنِ عِمْرَانَ، عَنْ أَبِي بُرْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى، قَالَ لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ مَنْ فَرَّقَ بَيْنَ الْوَالِدَةِ وَوَلَدِهَا وَبَيْنَ الأَخِ وَبَيْنَ أَخِيهِ .
It was narrated that 'Abdul-Majid bin Wahb said:
"Adda' bin Khalid bin Hawdhah said to me: 'Shall I not read to you a letter that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), wrote to me?' I said: 'Yes.' So he took out a letter. In it was: 'This is what 'Adda' bin Khalid bin Hawdhah bought [from] Muhammad the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) He bought from him a slave' or 'a female slave, having no ailments, nor being a runaway, not having any malicious behavior. Sold by a Muslim to a Muslim.'"
هَذَا مَا اشْتَرَى الْعَدَّاءُ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ هَوْذَةَ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ اشْتَرَى مِنْهُ عَبْدًا أَوْ أَمَةً لاَ دَاءَ وَلاَ غَائِلَةَ وَلاَ خِبْثَةَ بَيْعَ الْمُسْلِمِ لِلْمُسْلِمِ
It was narrated from 'Amr bin Shu'aib from his father that his grandfather told that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
"When anyone of you buys a slave woman let him say: 'Allahumma inni as'aluka khairaha wa khaira ma jabaltaha alaihi, wa a'udhu bika min sharriha wa sharri ma jabaltaha alaihi (O Allah, I ask You for the goodness within her and the goodness that You have made her inclined towards, and I seek refuge with You from the evil within her and the evil that You have made her inclined towards).' And he should pray for blessing. And if anyone of you buys a camel then he should take hold of its hump and pray for. blessing and say similar words."
إِذَا اشْتَرَى أَحَدُكُمُ الْجَارِيَةَ فَلْيَقُلِ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ خَيْرَهَا وَخَيْرَ مَا جَبَلْتَهَا عَلَيْهِ وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّهَا وَشَرِّ مَا جَبَلْتَهَا عَلَيْهِ وَلْيَدْعُ بِالْبَرَكَةِ وَإِذَا اشْتَرَى أَحَدُكُمْ بَعِيرًا فَلْيَأْخُذْ بِذِرْوَةِ سَنَامِهِ وَلْيَدْعُ بِالْبَرَكَةِ وَلْيَقُلْ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ
It was narrated that Malik bin Aws bin Hadathan Nasri said:
"I heard 'Umar bin Al-Khattab say: 'The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Exchanging gold for gold is usury unless it is done on the spot. (Exchanging) wheat for wheat is usury, unless it is done on the spot. (Exchanging) barley for barley is usury unless it is done on the spot. (Exchanging) dates for dates is usury, unless it is done on the spot."
الذَّهَبُ بِالذَّهَبِ رِبًا إِلاَّ هَاءَ وَهَاءَ وَالْبُرُّ بِالْبُرِّ رِبًا إِلاَّ هَاءَ وَهَاءَ وَالشَّعِيرُ بِالشَّعِيرِ رِبًا إِلاَّ هَاءَ وَهَاءَ وَالتَّمْرُ بِالتَّمْرِ رِبًا إِلاَّ هَاءَ وَهَاءَ
Muslim bin Yasar and 'Abdullah bin 'Ubaid said :
"Ubadah bin Samit and Mu'awiyah happened to meet, either in a church or in a synagogue. 'Ubadah bin Samit narrated to them and said: 'The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade us from selling silver for silver, gold for gold, wheat for wheat, barley for barley, and dates for dates.'I one of them said: "And salt for salt," but the other did not say it. "And he commanded us to sell wheat for barley, or barley for wheat, hand-to-hand, however we wished."
حَدَّثَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ مَسْعَدَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ زُرَيْعٍ، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ خِدَاشٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ ابْنُ عُلَيَّةَ، قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا سَلَمَةُ بْنُ عَلْقَمَةَ التَّمِيمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سِيرِينَ، أَنَّ مُسْلِمَ بْنَ يَسَارٍ، وَعَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ عُبَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَاهُ قَالاَ، جَمَعَ الْمَنْزِلُ بَيْنَ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ وَمُعَاوِيَةَ إِمَّا فِي كَنِيسَةٍ وَإِمَّا فِي بِيعَةٍ فَحَدَّثَهُمْ عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ فَقَالَ نَهَانَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ـ صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ عَنْ بَيْعِ الْوَرِقِ بِالْوَرِقِ وَالذَّهَبِ بِالذَّهَبِ وَالْبُرِّ بِالْبُرِّ وَالشَّعِيرِ بِالشَّعِيرِ وَالتَّمْرِ بِالتَّمْرِ - قَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا وَالْمِلْحِ بِالْمِلْحِ وَلَمْ يَقُلْهُ الآخَرُ - وَأَمَرَنَا أَنْ نَبِيعَ الْبُرَّ بِالشَّعِيرِ وَالشَّعِيرَ بِالْبُرِّ يَدًا بِيَدٍ كَيْفَ شِئْنَا .
It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Prophet (ﷺ) said:
'(Sell) silver for silver, gold for gold, barley for barley, wheat for wheat, like for like."
الْفِضَّةُ بِالْفِضَّةِ وَالذَّهَبُ بِالذَّهَبِ وَالشَّعِيرُ بِالشَّعِيرِ وَالْحِنْطَةُ بِالْحِنْطَةِ مِثْلاً بِمِثْلٍ
It was narrated that Abu Sa’eed said:
“The Prophet (ﷺ) used to give us dates from the collection (mixed) [1] dates, and we would exchange them for dates that were better, and we add to the price. [2] The Messenger of Allah said: ‘It is not right to give one Sa of dates for two Sa, nor one Dirham for two Dirham. A Dirham for a Dirham and a Dinar for a Dinar is allowed: the only difference between them is in weight (i.e., the weight must be equal.)’” Sahih
لاَ يَصْلُحُ صَاعُ تَمْرٍ بِصَاعَيْنِ وَلاَ دِرْهَمٌ بِدِرْهَمَيْنِ وَالدِّرْهَمُ بِالدِّرْهَمِ وَالدِّينَارُ بِالدِّينَارِ لاَ فَضْلَ بَيْنَهُمَا إِلاَّ وَزْنًا