The Book of Prayer
كتاب الصلاة
Read the English translation first, with the original Arabic directly underneath.
Hadith
And Abu Dawud added:
"He bowed before reaching the row then walked and joined the row."
وَزَادَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ فِيهِ: { فَرَكَعَ دُونَ اَلصَّفِّ, ثُمَّ مَشَى إِلَى اَلصَّفِّ } [1] .
Narrated Wabisah bin Ma'bad:
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) saw a man praying alone behind the row so he ordered him to repeat the Salat (prayer). [Reported by Ahmad, Abu Dawud and at-Tirmidhi. The latter graded it Hasan, and Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic)].
وَعَنْ وَابِصَةَ بْنِ مَعْبَدٍ ]اَلْجُهَنِيِّ] - رضى الله عنه - أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ رَأَى رَجُلًا يُصَلِّي خَلْفَ اَلصَّفِّ وَحْدَهُ, فَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُعِيدَ اَلصَّلَاةَ. } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ, وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ, وَاَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَحَسَّنَهُ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ حِبَّانَ . [1] .
And at-Tabarani added to the narration of Wabisah, "Why did you not join them or pull back a man (to your position)?"
+420- وَزَادَ اَلطَّبَرَانِيُّ مِنْ حَدِيثِ وَابِصَةَ: { أَلَا دَخَلْتَ مَعَهُمْ أَوْ اِجْتَرَرْتَ رَجُلًا? } [1] .
Ibn Hibban reported this from Talq [bin 'Ali (RA)]:
"The prayer of a person who prays alone behind the row is not accepted.
وَلَهُ عَنْ طَلْق ٍ [1] { لَا صَلَاةَ لِمُنْفَرِدٍ خَلْفَ اَلصَّفِّ } [2] .
Narrated Abu Hurairah (RA):
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: "If you hear the Iqamah, you must walk to the prayer (place) with tranquility and dignity, and do not hasten; and whatever portion of the prayer you get (along with the Imam) offer it, and complete afterwards whatever you missed. [Agreed upon, and the wording is al-Bukhari's).
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ - رضى الله عنه - عَنْ اَلنَّبِيِّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -قَالَ: { إِذَا سَمِعْتُمْ اَلْإِقَامَةَ فَامْشُوا إِلَى اَلصَّلَاةِ, وَعَلَيْكُمْ اَلسَّكِينَةُ وَالْوَقَارُ, وَلَا تُسْرِعُوا, فَمَا أَدْرَكْتُمْ فَصَلُّوا, وَمَا فَاتَكُمْ فَأَتِمُّوا } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ, وَاللَّفْظُ لِلْبُخَارِيِّ . [1] .
Narrated 'Ubai bin Ka'b (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "A man's prayer offered with another man is purer than his prayer which he offers alone, and his prayer with two men is purer than his prayer with one and if they are more (in number), it is more beloved to Allah, the Mighty the Majestic." [Reported by Abu Dawud and an-Nasa'i. And Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic)].
وَعَنْ أُبَيِّ بْنِ كَعْبٍ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ صَلَاةُ اَلرَّجُلِ مَعَ اَلرَّجُلِ أَزْكَى مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ وَحْدَهُ, وَصَلَاتُهُ مَعَ اَلرَّجُلَيْنِ أَزْكَى مِنْ صَلَاتِهِ مَعَ اَلرَّجُلِ, وَمَا كَانَ أَكْثَرَ فَهُوَ أَحَبُّ إِلَى اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ, وَالنَّسَائِيُّ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ حِبَّان َ [1] .
Narrated Umm Waraqah:
The Prophet (ﷺ) commanded her to lead the members of her household (in prayer). [Reported by Abu Dawud; Ibn Khuzaimah graded it Sahih (authentic)].
وَعَنْ أُمِّ وَرَقَةَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا, { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -أَمَرَهَا أَنْ تَؤُمَّ أَهْلَ دَارِهَا } رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ . [1] .
Narrated Anas (RA):
The Prophet (ﷺ) appointed Ibn Umm Maktum (RA) to lead the people in prayer in his absence and he [Ibn Umm Maktum (RA)] was blind. [Reported by Ahmad and Abu Dawud].
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُ; { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -اِسْتَخْلَفَ اِبْنَ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ, يَؤُمُّ اَلنَّاسَ, وَهُوَ أَعْمَى } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ, وَأَبُو دَاوُد َ [1] .
Ibn Hibban also reported something similar from 'Aishah (RA).
وَنَحْوُهُ لِابْنِ حِبَّانَ: عَنْ عَائِشَة َ [1] رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا.
Narrated Ibn 'Umar (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Pray (funeral prayers) over him who said (believed): 'Nothing deserves to be worshiped except Allah'; and pray behind him who says: 'Nothing deserves to be worshiped except Allah'." [ad-Daraqutni reported it through a weak chain of narrators].
وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ صَلُّوا عَلَى مَنْ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اَللَّهُ, وَصَلُّوا خَلْفَ مَنْ قَالَ: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اَللَّهُ } رَوَاهُ اَلدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ بِإِسْنَادٍ ضَعِيفٍ . [1] .
Narrated 'Ali bin Abi Talib (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "If one of you comes to Salat (prayer) and the Imam is at a certain position, he must do as the Imam is doing." [Reported by at-Tirmidhi with a weak chain of narrators].
وَعَنْ عَلِيٍّ - رضى الله عنه - قَالَ: قَالَ اَلنَّبِيُّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ إِذَا أَتَى أَحَدُكُمْ اَلصَّلَاةَ وَالْإِمَامُ عَلَى حَالٍ, فَلْيَصْنَعْ كَمَا يَصْنَعُ اَلْإِمَامُ } رَوَاهُ اَلتِّرْمِذِيُّ بِإِسْنَادٍ ضَعِيفٍ . [1] .
Narrated 'Aishah (RA) that when the Salat (prayer) was first prescribed, it consisted of two Rak'at. Afterwards, the prayer during travelling was confirmed (as two Rak'at), while the prayer at the place of residence was completed (as four Rak'at). [Agreed upon].
عَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ: { أَوَّلُ مَا فُرِضَتْ اَلصَّلَاةُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ , فَأُقِرَّتْ صَلَاةُ اَلسَّفَرِ وَأُتِمَّتْ صَلَاةُ اَلْحَضَرِ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْه ِ [1] .
al-Bukhari has:
'Then [(Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)] emigrated and it was prescribed as four, but prayer while travelling was left according to the original prescription (of two Rak'at).'
وَلِلْبُخَارِيِّ: { ثُمَّ هَاجَرَ, فَفُرِضَتْ أَرْبَعًا, وَأُقِرَّتْ صَلَاةُ اَلسَّفَرِ عَلَى اَلْأَوَّلِ } [1] .
Ahmad added, 'Except the Maghrib (prayer) for it is the Witr (prayer) of the day; and except the Fajr (prayer), since the recitation (of the Qur'an) is prolonged in it.'
زَادَ أَحْمَدُ: { إِلَّا اَلْمَغْرِبَ فَإِنَّهَا وِتْرُ اَلنَّهَارِ, وَإِلَّا اَلصُّبْحَ, فَإِنَّهَا تَطُولُ فِيهَا اَلْقِرَاءَةُ } [1] .
Narrated 'Aishah (RA):
While on a journey, the Prophet (ﷺ) used to shorten the prayer (sometimes) and offer it completely (sometimes). Similarly, he used to observe fast (sometimes) and break it (sometimes). [ad-Daraqutni reported it, and its narrators are reliable, but it is a defective Hadith].
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا; { أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -كَانَ يَقْصُرُ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ وَيُتِمُّ, وَيَصُومُ وَيُفْطِرُ. } رَوَاهُ اَلدَّارَقُطْنِيُّ, وَرُوَاتُهُ ثِقَاتٌ. إِلَّا أَنَّهُ مَعْلُول ٌ [1] .
The Mahfudh (correct) narration from 'Aishah (RA) (concerning this matter) is that it was her practice (that she (RA) offered prayers in the complete form during travelling) [and not the practice of the Prophet (ﷺ)]. She said:
'It is not hard for me.' [al-Baihaqi reported it].
وَالْمَحْفُوظُ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ مِنْ فِعْلِهَا, وَقَالَتْ: { إِنَّهُ لَا يَشُقُّ عَلَيَّ } أَخْرَجَهُ اَلْبَيْهَقِيّ ُ [1] .
Narrated Ibn 'Umar (RA):
Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Allah the Most High loves that His permissions be practiced, just as he dislikes that disobedience to Him be committed." [Ahmad reported it. Ibn Khuzaimah and Ibn Hibban graded it Sahih (authentic)].
وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -{ إِنَّ اَللَّهَ يُحِبُّ أَنْ تُؤْتَى [1] رُخَصُهُ كَمَا يَكْرَهُ أَنْ تُؤْتَى [2] مَعْصِيَتُهُ } رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ, وَصَحَّحَهُ اِبْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ, وَابْنُ حِبَّانَ . [3] .
A narration has, "As He loves that His... duties be observed."
وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: { كَمَا يُحِبُّ أَنْ تُؤْتَى [1] عَزَائِمُهُ } [2] .
Narrated Anas (RA):
When Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) went out on a journey of three miles or three Farasikh, he (ﷺ) used to pray two Rak'at. [Reported by Muslim]. Farasikh (plural of Farsakh) is Persian unit of distance. Farsakh is equal to about three miles.
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُ قَالَ: { كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -إِذَا خَرَجَ مَسِيرَةَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَمْيَال ٍ [1] أَوْ فَرَاسِخَ, صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ } رَوَاهُ مُسْلِمٌ . [2] .
Narrated [Anas (RA)]:
We went from al-Madinah to Makkah with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and he prayed two Rak'at at each time of prayer till we returned to al-Madinah. [Agreed upon, and the wording is al-Bukhari's].
وَعَنْهُ قَالَ: { خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ - صلى الله عليه وسلم -مِنْ اَلْمَدِينَةِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، فَكَانَ يُصَلِّي رَكْعَتَيْنِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ حَتَّى رَجَعْنَا إِلَى اَلْمَدِينَةِ } مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ, وَاللَّفْظُ لِلْبُخَارِيِّ . [1] .