The Book of Prayer

Narrated Ibn 'Abbas (RA):

The Prophet (ﷺ) (made a journey during which) he had a stop of nineteen days, during which he shortened his prayers. [Al-Bukhari] And in a narration: "(he (ﷺ) stayed) nineteen days in Makkah."

In a narration of Abu Dawud:

"seventeen days."

And in another:

"fifteen days."

The narration of Abu Dawud from 'Imran bin Husain (RA) has:

"eighteen days."

His narration from Jabir (RA) has:

Allah's Messenger (RA) stayed at Tabuk for twenty days, and he shortened the prayers (during his stay). [Its narrators are reliable, except that there is difference about whether or not it is Mawsul (unbroken chain of narrators)].

Narrated Anas (RA):

When Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) (while on a journey) proceeded before the sun had declined from the centre of the sky, he (ﷺ) delayed the Zuhr prayer till the time of the 'Asr prayer; he (ﷺ) would then alight and combine the two prayers. If the sun declined before he (ﷺ) moved off, he (ﷺ) would offer the Zuhr prayer and ride (i.e. travel). [Agreed upon].

In the narration of al-Hakim quoted in the al-Arba'in with a Sahih Isnad, "He (ﷺ) prayed Zuhr and 'Asr then rode (his beast, to continue his journey.)"

Abu Nu'aim has in his Mustakhraj of Muslim, "While on a journey, if the sun declined he (ﷺ) used to pray Zuhr and 'Asr together and then continue his journey."

Narrated Mu'adh bin Jabal (RA):

We went out with Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) on the Tabuk expedition, and he would offer Zuhr and 'Asr prayers together and Magbrib and 'Isha' prayers together. [Reported by Muslim].

Narrated Ibn 'Abbas (RA):

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "Do not shorten the prayer (while travelling) for a distance of less than four Burud; from Makkah to 'Usfan." [ad-Daraqutni reported it through a weak chain of narrators, and the right opinion is that it is Mawquf (saying of a companion, i.e. Ibn 'Abbas). Ibn Khuzaima reported it as such]. Burud: Plural of Barid, which means three Farsakh, and one Farsakh is equal to three miles.

Narrated Jabir (RA):

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: "The best of my followers are those who, having done evil, ask for forgiveness (from Allah); and when on a journey, shorten (the prayer) and break the fast." [at-Tabarani reported it in al-'Awsat through a weak chain of narrators].

al-Baihaqi reported it in brief as a Mursal (missing link after the Tabi'i) from Sa'id bin al-Musaiyab.

Narrated 'Imran bin Husain (RA):

I suffered from piles. So I asked the Prophet (ﷺ) about the prayers. He said: "Pray standing; and if you are unable, (pray) sitting; and if you are unable, (pray) lying on your side." [Reported by al-Bukhari].

Narrated Jabir (RA):

The Prophet (ﷺ) visited a sick man and saw him praying on a cushion, he threw it away and said, "Pray on the ground, if you can, or else pray by gestures and make your prostration lower than your bowing." [al-Baihaqi reported it and Abu Hatim graded it Sahih (authentic) in Mawquf form (as a saying of a companion, i.e. Jabir)].

Narrated 'Aishah (RA):

I saw the Prophet (ﷺ) praying while sitted in a cross-legged position. [Reported by an-Nasa'i; and al-Hakim graded it Sahih (authentic)].

Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Umar and Abu Hurairah (RA):

They heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) say (while standing) upon the planks of his pulpit: "People must cease to neglect the Friday prayers, or else Allah will seal their hearts and then they will be among the unmindful." [Reported by Muslim].

Narrated Salmah bin Al-Akwa' (RA):

We used to offer the Friday prayer with Allah's Messenger (RA) and return (to our homes) while the walls had no shade for us to go under (at that time). [Agreed upon. This is the wording of al-Bukhari].

And in a narration of Muslim:

"We used to offer the Friday prayers with him [Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)] when the sun passed the meridian. We would then return and try to find the afternoon shadow.

Narrated Sahl bin Sa'd (RA):

We would not have a siesta (mid-day nap) nor lunch till after the Friday prayer. [Agreed upon; and the wording is Muslim's].

Another narration has:

"during the life time of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ).